Human Resource Guest Model At Harrods assignment essay

Question: Explainthe selection of human asset visitor model at Harrods. Answer: Seeing the Guests model characterizes the individual administration from human asset the board. Therefore the human asset the board is alluded to as the responsibility based employment, instead of a consistence based occupation. It tends to be said that the human asset the executives surpassing the enlistment and preparing of the representatives (Mone and London 2014). This procedure incorporates perceiving the representatives as solid suits and qualities to the association, and using them with various administration techniques. Thos process features on the unmistakable needs instead of aggregate workforce (Lucas 2016). At the organizations like Harrods, the human asset the board office chiefly embraces the thought and it incorporates the improvement of the methodologies, which would assist the business with increasing the trust, offices and representative commitment, and so on. In this manner, so as to accomplish the ideal obligations so as to investigate the best ability to tempt at Harrods. Creating of the workers would be started with the learning and appropriate preparing forms. This would empower the representatives to execute their particular jobs to give their best capacities. The administration of the working procedures of the representatives would profit the association, and furthermore improve the administration abilities (Thomas 2016). The activity productivity of the workers would be the organization to create and arrive at a fruitful position. The overseeing specialists additionally changed the hierarchical structure, by parting the high chain of command with inordinate layers (Mone an d London 2014). In regard to this, setting more obligations in the possession of the workers would effectively expand the possibility of the business. The procedure likewise included improved and altered correspondence utilizing various proposition, for example, Yours Harrods, which is a magazine for inside workers; Morning preparation; Quarterly representative gathering; Intranet; and other configuration of worker voice (Pollack et al. 2016). Differentiation of the distinctions of the thoughts: As per Story, the key plans and the sensible definitions of human asset the board might be characterized as the administration arrangements of any association, which includes the commitment of the qualities of the organization, the workers (Mone and London 2014). The workers all in all add to the accomplishments of the targets gave by the organization. A qualification between the hard and the delicate types of the human asset the board was likewise remembered for the particular investigation by Story (Sampaio et al. 2012). The hard human asset the board features the prerequisite of the individuals in various procedures which would gain extra qualities to accomplish the serious estimations of the organization. Accordingly, it assembles on quantitative and quantifiable rules. This additionally includes the command over the exhibition of the board. The delicate human asset the executives incorporates the treatment of the representatives as the solid suits, a fundamental wellspring of th e upper hands. The dedication and the adaptability and high effectiveness is associated with the procedure. The necessity to duty and trust of the workers incorporates the interests of dealing with the representatives. The administration of the representatives must agree, coordinate, and should include cooperation (Pollack et al. 2016.). As per Story, Personnel the executives is a procedure of dealing with the workforce or the representatives to follow the standard, which are required to keep up the estimations of the organization by the proprietors. The procedure significantly focuses on the enrollment factors, pay roll and the laws of business. Therefore, he could picture PM as the administration procedure, which bureaucratizes the guidelines and the systems to part the capacities from the general administration. Story had center around 27 key variables which started the separation between the PM and the IR just as the human asset the executives (Den Hartog et al. 2013). The significant components include: (Waheed et al. 2016) Measurements IR and the Personnel Human asset the board Components: Lawful agreements Productive depiction as composed agreements Center to surpass the agreement Definitions Adequacy and criticalness in detailing new principles Development and standpoint of the guidelines The board guide and activities Procedure Requirement for the business Referent to the practices Rule and guidelines Point of the procedure The board of the works Estimation and overseeing Backing Attributes of relations Reasoning of the hypothesis Investigation Quarrel Articulation Less impacting factors Variables including the techniques: Significant relations The board of the works client Beginning plans Progressive procedure Combination of the administration Corporate viewpoints Edge the executives Focal administration aptitudes Pace of the goals Diminished procedure Expanded procedure Line the executives: Job of the administration Exchanges Authority in a transformational way Primary administrators Authorities in IR General administration Correspondence and translation Security Straight Adjustment Significant level of issues Low degree of issues The board methodologies (valued) Arranging the procedure Offices of the procedure Primary levels: Arrangement Separate the assignment in the minor way Key components of the errand and the coordinated way. Installment Assessment of the activity Identified with the presentation of the association. Here, we have referenced about the human asset the executives at Harrods (Kulkarni et al. 2014). In this manner the model of Story impacts the redesign of the key mental prerequisites of people. Subsequently, the procedures helped the representatives to experience an advancement, which impact them to offer help and create to the association (Jiang et al. 2012). Appraisal and execution: The procedure includes a few executions for both the line administrators just as the representatives. The line administrators need to include such plans which would improve the variables like initiative style, approaches of business, culture of the association (Hall 2014). The whole arrangement procedures are for the improvement of the business aptitudes and the profitability of the professional Harrods. The human asset the executives incorporates progressive plans which dodge recommendations which will strife with the business tasks. The usage plans for the representatives incorporates factors like changes and compensation and rewards which would build the proficiency of the workers and increment their exhibition levels. The components impact the estimations of a brand like Harrods. The exhibitions and the commitment of the cooperation of the benefits of the organization would assist the association with reaching to a fruitful level (Foster 2014). Understanding the techniques for building up adaptability in the association: Utilization of a models of adaptability: In the period of 21st century, adaptability has become a key component in practically all the associations. The term adaptability in human asset the executives is characterized as the choice of the representatives just as the chiefs for making changes with respect to where, when and how an individual will function for relieving the person just as the business needs (Shields et al. 2015). This obviously delineates, there is various adaptability models that can be applied inside a working environment. These models are low maintenance working, work sharing, working by means of phone, portable working, flexi working and packed hours and so forth. On account of portable working model, the business allows and offers help to a worker to play out all or a piece of their working range at an area, which is a long way from their work environment. By and by, this model can be applied at whatever point a worker consents to release the obligation from a spot where the person in question will be en gaged with merchandizing for the association. This will thus assist the association with reaching those clients who remain far away from their work environment of the representatives with the items and administrations of the concerned association (Paill et al. 2014). On account of Harrods by deciding different characteristic needs of the people the human asset the board division of the association is offering various adaptable openings for work so as to relieve the individual needs of the representatives for acquiring most extreme commitment towards the association and in this way getting greatest potential advantages of Harrods. The versatile working model of Harrods, is accessible as portable working at the Airports. This model is subject to the bit of leeway that are given by the broadband specialist co-ops so the representatives can get to the web just as intranet to work at air terminal at a decreased expense for them just as finishing their whole piece of working hour (Purce 2 014). This model advantages Harrods also, this model really diminishes the expense to the organization and improves the existence nature of the workers too, with the goal that they can perform to their best. Nonetheless, not the same as Knightsbridge address, Harrods guarantees that its Airport representatives are a significant piece of the organization and in this way correspondence is given ideal need benefits are actually same and the standard of the items are additionally same as those accessible at the leader stores. Clarifying the various kinds of adaptability that can be implimented inside an association: There are various sorts of adaptability, which Harrods can apply in its hierarchical structure. In any case, the use of these techniques will rely upon the strategi

Net Present Value method Essay

1. Net Present Value strategy is one of the techniques utilized in capital planning. The NPV depends on the stopped income. An organization that has a proposition for another venture or a speculation utilizes the NPV technique to choose if they ought to acknowledge it or proceed onward with an alternate venture. This strategy gives significant data to the administration about the money surges identified with the venture and money inflows from the speculation with the thought of the time estimation of cash. The time estimation of cash has been considered in this strategy on the grounds that the cash contributed today will have an alternate an incentive later on. The cost capital is the base rate ofâ return that the proposed speculation needs to reach so as to be acknowledged. When processing the Net Present Value the future money surges and inflows are limited at present an incentive at the pace of the expense of capital. On the off chance that the necessary pace of return is lower than the expense of capital, at that point the organization should dismiss the undertaking and ought not draw in with it any further. Then again, in the event that the necessary pace of return is even or higher, at that point the venture will have the option to bring the benefit that will give establishes to pay liabilities to company’s lender and investors. 2. Under Internal Rate of Return the venture is assessed dependent on the normal pace of return. The IRR for an income is a loan cost that outcomes in a NPV equivalent to zero. In this technique the expense of capital is utilized and furthermore known as obstacle rate. Obstacle rate is the base rate that the speculation needs to reach so as to be acknowledged by the administration. In the wake of processing the IRR, the dynamic body analyzes the IRR results to the expense of capital rate. On the off chance that the IRR is equivalent or higher that obstacle rate, the speculation can be acknowledged, if lower †undertaking ought to be dismissed.

ASD 2016 in photos COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

ASD 2016 in photos COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog April 5 marked another Admitted Students Day at SIPA.  While the morning was unseasonably chilly, the sun was still  shining and everyone had an enjoyable day connecting with members of the SIPA community. The event began  with a fireside chat with IMAC Director Anya Schiffrin and University Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz. Later in the afternoon, students shared a meal  with current Seeples and professors and discussed their excitement (and possibly reservations) about attending graduate school. Afterward, students embarked on a campus tour before making their way over to the International Affairs Building for some afternoon breakout sessions and student and alumni panels. The day concluded with an evening reception, live jazz band and raffle prizes. Oh, and did I mention there was even a photo booth? Take a look at a few of the snapshots below, then visit our Facebook Page to review even more moments from the day! Grace Han, Executive Director of Admissions Financial Aid, welcomes everyone to ASD 2016. The map behind her shows where all of the admitted students are coming from. Anya Schiffrin and Joseph E. Stiglitz discuss inequality, the media and U.S. elections over a fireside chat. Our current Seeples greet admitted students to ASD throughout the day. Where else could you eat lunch and pick the brain of Gender and Public Policy Director Yasmine Ergas (left)? ASD, thats where! Seeple Affan Javed shares his experiences during the current student panel. Associate Professor Christopher Blattman gives a brief faculty lecture on field study and policy design before kicking off the evening reception. Students spend part of the evening declaring their Seepleness with a few funny photos.

Hydrogen Sulfide New Gaseous Signaling Molecule in the...

Introduction: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the latest molecule added to the gasotransmitter group after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Great attention has been given to H2S in the last few years with regards to its production, metabolism, physiological functions and clearance. H2S constitutes a sound example of science’s evolution based on research and development; since H2S has been named as a toxic gas since its discovery in 1713, and only in the late 80’s of the past century scientist and researchers were capable to determine quantities of endogenous H2S in animals brain [1-3]. Yet recent; number of fundamental investigations were able to illustrate the physiochemical properties of the H2S as a reducing agent and nucleophile, which affords its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Another essential field of research addressed cytoprotective properties of H2S based on its antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative actions, in addition to ion ch annels regulatory processes, and ultimately, its usefulness as a potential treatment for several cardiovascular disorders through H2S releasing substances, formally named H2S donors [6]. The most studied H2S donors in cardiovascular field is Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), while Sodium sulfide (Na2S), is another H2S donor has been implicated more in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidants research field. Similar to (NO); H2S in mammalians produced endogenously by endothelial cells to respond of various

Antisocial Personality Disorder- Ted Bundy - 2585 Words

Ted Bundy is known to be the worst serial killer in U.S. History. In the 1970s, Ted raped and murdered women in at least five different states. Bundy eventually confessed to thirty murders, although the actual total remains unknown. Theodore Robert Bundy was born on November 24th, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont to Eleanor Louise Cowell, a 22 year old single woman. Teds mom never told him much about his father other than that he was in the armed forces and that they never were really together. Bundy had a difficult childhood and was pretty much an wanted by his mother. After being left in foster care for two months, Eleanor decided to have her parents raise Ted and make him and everyone believe that they were his adopted parents and†¦show more content†¦He also found that his dad was listed on there, named Lloyd Marshall. Bundy waited until the fall to resume his studies at the University of Washington where he excelled greatly than before. He ended up in honors classes and became engaged in local politics, where he transcended in. Ted Bundy graduated from Washington with a degree in psychology. In the summer of 1973 Ted got accepted into the University of Utah Law School. Everything still going smoothly for Bundy and seemed to be headed for abundant things. No one will ever really know what happened to set Ted Bundy off, but around 1973 he began raping and murdering women at a surprising rate. No one really knows exactly when and how many woman he had murdered but he was a prime suspect in many unsolved murders. Kathy Devine was last seen getting into a green pick-up on November 25, 1973, which was later found that Ted Bundy had the same green pick-up at the time. Fifteen year old Divines decomposed remains were found on December 6 with her jeans cut open in between her legs. Her throat was cut and the investigators concluded that she was murdered right after she disappeared and there were no leads or evidence to bring someone to justice for the acts they have committed on this poor girl. In early 1974, two girls with similar acts of crimes against them were committed in less than a month time span. They were reported to have been beaten over the head and had a metal rod stuck upShow MoreRelatedCase Study Analysis of Ted Bundy1041 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Ted Bundy Introduction A personality disorder can be described as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is extremely inflexible, deviates markedly from the expectations of a persons culture, and causes personal distress or behavioral impairment (Bernstein, Nietzel, McCauley Foust, 1997). Such patterns of problems in the personality of an individual can be traced to adolescence or even childhood. People who have been diagnosed with personality disorders demonstrateRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Sociopathy And Psychopathy Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesAntisocial personality disorder is a condition as to where the person that has the disorder tends to be manipulative, deceitful, reckless or malicious. Antisocial personality disorder, a lot like other personality disorders, is often put on a spectrum. Which in turn means that the disorder can often range in severity. The variables can range from committing small or insignificant acts of bad behavior, to potentially harming others and committing large scale crimes. For reference, psychopathy isRead MoreCase Study: Ted Bundy Essay2279 Words   |  10 Pages Theodore Robert Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell on November 24, 1949.His mother, Louise Cowell was unmarried at the time, and the name of his biological father has never been determined with certainty, however Lloyd Marshall was named on his birth certificate. 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It was wonderful to be in love, to have a college romance, to stroll through the wooded paths of the campus hand-in-hand†¦but she sensed that Ted was floundering, that he had no real plans, no real prospects for the future† (RuleRead MoreThe Psychological Theory Of Ted Bundy776 Words   |  4 Pages Based on the general idea of Ted Bundy’s background, psychological theory can be applied to his cases of murdering. Psychological theories focus on human’s mind and behavior and the assumption is problems are rooted in unconscious mind and symptoms are manifestations of hidden disturbances or conflicts. According to his childhood circumstances, Ted Bundy’s childhood trauma and abuse played an important role in his serial murders. His father disappeared before he was born and his whole startedRead MoreCharacteristics And Characteristics Of A Personality Disorder1460 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial swindlers, rapists, terrorists and serial murderers. Most of them all have something in common, they suffer from psychopathy or some form of mental illness or disorder. Our textbook states the â€Å"the term psychopathy â€Å"refers to a very specific and distinctive type of psychopathology†-a personality disorder characterized by antisocial behavior and a lack of feelings, especially empathy for or sensitivity to others . There are some biological characteristics such as traumatic events or abuse thatRead MoreMental Disorders And Personality Disorder1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe brain, specifically the mind, is the structure of all things personality and there are no set boundaries that it falls in. But what happens when there s a glitch, causing people to not understand human ethics? There are certain mental disorders that can be linked to serial criminality, such as antisocal personality disorder and borderline personality which are exhibited in notorious killers Ted Bundy and Jeffrey Dahmer. Ted Bundy is perhaps a household name. His crimes were so horrendous and largeRead MoreTheodore Bundy : Serial Killer2158 Words   |  9 PagesTheodore Bundy is a serial killer well known for his rape, kidnapping, assault, strangulation, decapitation, and necrophilia of young women. His murders span from 1974 to 1978 taking over thirty victims across seven states. Ted Bundy led two lives: one as a law student and volunteer counselor in a rape victim clinic, and the other as a murderer of more than thirty women. Bundy had a chameleonic style that presented a unique form of mental flexibility that certain predatory psychopaths possessRead MoreTheodore Bundy : The Characteristics Of Sociopaths1346 Words   |  6 Pages The term sociopath refers to an individual who exhibits behaviors that are outside of societys norms and expectations. Sociopaths is a person with a personality disorder manifesting itself in extreme antisocial attitudes and behavior and a lack of conscience. Theodore Bundy (born Theodore Robert Cowell; November 24, 1946 - January 24, 1989) was an american serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, burgular, and necrophile who assualted and murdered numerous young womenRead MoreJohn Wayne Gacy And Charles Manson Essay797 Words   |  4 Pages Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Jeffrey Dahmer, Gary Leon Ridgeway and Charles Manson. These are some of the most infamous names in the history of murder, but they hid in plain sight, and Manson did not even commit murder. He was so manipulative he could convince others to do his bidding for him. How is that even possible? Surely one would be able to recognize someone who is such a dangerous threat or would they? One of the reasons these killers can be so successful is their ability to blend into

Children of Heaven Review Free Essays

Children of Heaven This movie made me very thankful for everything I have in my life, including my shoes. I found it sad that All could not Just speak up for himself. If All would have asked the man working the grocery store about the shoes, then he might not go to all the trouble in the first place. We will write a custom essay sample on Children of Heaven Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now I found it sad that the children had to work, and never got to play. The quality of life for this family bothered me deeply, and it made me blessed for the childhood that I had. The kids in this movie worked almost as servants to the adults, maintained pristine manors, and showed great perseverance. I noticed most of the adults in the movie were very strict, stern, and seemed like they were not afraid to beat a child. All made some of the highest grades in his class despite his hardships, he was a responsible kid. I Just don’t understand why he did not speak up about the shoes to his teacher, principle, or coach. It was sad to see kids having to stick together, and share a pair of shoes to prevent one of them from getting a beating. All’s sister should have asked the other girl wearing her shoes, where she got them. The girl may have Just given them to her in exchange for the en, or when she received her new shoes. This movie was one hardship after another, heartbreaking for me to watch. It makes me want to donate shoes for children who may not have any at all. It was sad to see people In the movie live In lavish mansion, and then compare It to All’s home. All’s dad was paid very good for his gardening work, this money would be a precious asset to his family. When the man at the mosque gave All’s dad the tools, this showed how the Islamic community supported the others In need. Overall It seemed Like a rough situation to me. How to cite Children of Heaven Review, Papers

Epidemiology and Control of Communicable Diseases

Question: Discuss about the Epidemiology and Control of Communicable Diseases. Answer: Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus can live on skin for the longer period and they also prefer to live in warmest, darkest place such as the nose. Mostly nasal colonization takes place and host respond to this by expression of anti-microbial peptides and cytokines. In this condition both the patients are described as colonized (4). In IV drug user, injection drug is one of the major sources of HIV infection as people can get HIV from sharing drug preparation or injecting equipments. Shared needle is basically the main cause of infection because as it contains contaminated blood of infected persons and peripheral blood, lymphoid tissue and bone marrow is the main reservoir for infection. IV drug users take injected drugs that are introduced into the bloodstream using needle and syringe. HIV infected blood can get into blood stream at the time of preparation of drug using blood contaminated syringes, reusing bottles to dissolve drugs into water and reusing cottons to filter out things that block the needles (9). Immunogenicity is indirectly related to transmissibility in an endemic area. Immunogenicity is the ability of the human body immune system to induce adaptive and humoral cell immune response in response to entry of an antigen. It is a means to check transmissibility of infection by provoking an immune action against the infection. It leads to immunologic memory. Therapeutic agents like proteins leads to hypersensitive reaction and formation of antibodies against the protein. The level of immune status and genetic factor has impact on immunogenicity. Thus immunogenicity is a factor that indirectly minimizes the transmissibility of disease or infection (8). Infectious agents such as protozoa, bacterium or virus changes surface proteins in order to evade immune response of host. This kind of antigenic variation in an organism is a mechanism to target specific host, repeatedly infect single host and quickly transmit to host cells. It is a response by organism to fight against immunogenicity of host cells. It is an approach to immune evasion by pathogen and reinfecting host as antigen is not recognized by immune system. It also has an impact on the duration of parasite infection within a host cell. Antigenic variation provides host cell with immune memory (6). Polio epidemic was first encountered in the nineteenth century. At that time all children were exposed with the polio virus and protected by maternal antibodies. With change in times and improved environmental hygiene and sanitation, age at which people are diagnosed with polio significantly increased. Children encountered the virus at an increased age compared to previous polio cases in children and they were no longer protected by maternal antibody (3). Before development in sanitation, children became exposed to the virus but exposure provided them with permanent immunity to the virus. But with modern ideas in hygiene, children are not exposed the virus in infancy and they do not develop natural immunity against it. The ultimate result is that severe symptoms of disease began to be seen. Now there are relatively fewer cases in young children and increase in number of young adults affected by it (2). If a person contracts polio infection, symptoms appear within 5-35 days. The subclinical infection of polio is associated with headache, fever vomiting and sore throat while clinical infection affects the central nervous system. Symptoms of clinical infection include back pain, skin rash, fever, difficulty in breathing, muscle spasm, etc. 90% of polio infection is subclinical type of infection. Polio infection aggravates due to environmental sources of infection like contaminated water, food, flies and poor sanitation. With the improvement in environmental sanitation and hygiene, enteric infection will get delayed and it will reduce the clinical: subclinical ratio of polio cases in endemic area (11). Hepatitis A virus infection is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated water, food or direct contact with infectious person. In order to give advice to Community Aid abroad to prevent infection, it will be necessary know about overseas environmental factors like availability of safe water, food safety procedures and level of sanitation and hygiene in the country. Countries with poor sanitary condition and hygiene practice have been found to have more number of cases of Hepatitis A infection (6). In CAA workers it is necessary to know about their sanitary habits, their living conditions and the kind of foods they consume. It is important because often people living lesser developed areas have more chance of infection. Poor and low quality food also has chance of Hepatitis A infection, so knowing this factors about CAA workers will be necessary. Gonorrhea is caused by gram negative agent diplococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, rectum area, cervix, urethra and bloodstream. The bacterium does not survive in the environment and prefers CO2 environment, so urogenital site is the main site for infection. Neiserria gonnorrhoeae is a fragile organism and sensitive environmental factors like temperature change, UV light exposure and drying (7). Sexually active men and women are at high risk of acquiring this kind of infection and transmitting the disease. Vertical transmission also occurs by transfer from mother to child during birth. Once the Neisseria gonorrhoeae enters the mucous membrane of urogenital tracts, they utlize their surface pili to anchor at the infection site and target non-ciliated epithelial cells, The pili prevents the phagocytosis of neutrophils and digests IgA on the surface of urethra and cervix. This is done by IgA protease within the pili and helps in attachment of bacteria to these surfaces. This adherence allows transmission of organism inside the fallopian tube and initiates the mechanism of infection. The gonococci replicates after adherence to non-ciliated cells where they are exocytosed into subepithelial cells and inflammations and other symptoms occur. Socioenvironemtal factors like practices of sex and use of safe practices also affects the transmission of the disease (8). Gonorrhea and Chlamydia can be prevented or treated with antibiotic given to patients orally or by injection. Antibiotic treatment disrupts the chain of transmission of bacterium and prevents the infection from getting worse. Generally combination of dual antibiotics like cephalosporin and azithromycin is used to improve efficacy of treatment. Ciprofloxacin also used in treating sexually transmitted disease (5). Other methods for controlling infections include using antiviral medication or dug combination therapy. The methods for prevention will include health education to provide information about sexual health and interventions to promote sexual health The recent sharp increase of gonorrhea from 1400 per 100,000 population in 1999 to 2225 in per 100,000 population in 2009 indicate a possible decline in safe sex practice which increase the gonorrhea transmission. The other factor is the decreased sensitivity of N. gonorrhoea to antimicrobial drugs (10). Culture and sensitivity Positive Negative Total Urinary PCR Positive 750 150 900 Negative 50 9050 9100 800 9200 10000 Sensitivity Specificity Positive predictive value Negative predictive value Culture and sensitivity 8% 7.5% 93.75% 98.36% Urinary PCR 9% 7.5% 83.33% 100% The symptoms of gonorrhea are mostly asymptomatic in both men and women. As gonnorhea is asymptomatic, screening is critical for identification and prevention of upper genital tract infection and preventing all forns of transmission. The gonnorhea surveillance will involve widespread routine genital screening to assess risk for infection among women. Women are at more risk due to multiple sex partners, inconsistent condom use and HIV infection associated with sexual activity. Pharyngeal screening is also essential for identification of those women who were missed with traditional genital tract screening (4). Due to asymptomatic characteristics of the disease, widespread screening is essential to identify people who are at risk of the disease. Specific testing for gonorrhea because of apparent notification rate in males and females. Yes, this is also the case for indigenous community because they have limited access to sexual health service and so surveillance will be of utmost importance HIV is an example for sensitive case definition because the disease is widespread and it is necessary to have a sensitive case definition. Tuberculosis because it requires standard case definition and controlling disease because treatment protocols are not well-defined. References: Andric B, Drowos J, Trepka MJ, Suciu G, Alonso A, Hennekens CH. High frequencies of negative pretreatment results following presumptive antibiotic treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Southern medical journal. 2013 May;106(5):321-6. Closser S, Cox K, Parris TM, Landis RM, Justice J, Gopinath R, Maes K, Amaha HB, Mohammed IZ, Dukku AM, Omidian PA. The impact of polio eradication on routine immunization and primary health care: a mixed-methods study. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2014 Apr 1:jit232. Polio and Sanitation: Inside Vaccines [Internet]. Insidevaccines.com. 2010 [cited 21 September 2016]. Available from: https://insidevaccines.com/wordpress/2010/07/01/polio-and-sanitation/ Danielsson-Tham ML. Staphylococcal Food Poisoning. Food Associated Pathogens. 2013 Sep 25:250. (1.1) Fagan PS, Downing SG, McCall BJ, Carroll HJ, Howard TM, Palmer CM. Enhanced surveillance for gonorrhoea in two diverse settings in Queensland in the 2000s: comparative epidemiology and selected management outcomes This paper analyses enhanced surveillance data for gonorrhoea from an urban and a remote region of Queensland during the 2000s. It describes the diverse epidemiology of this condition in these two populations and details management challenges and outcomes. Page last updated: 21 February 2014. (3.5a)Frank S. Benefits of Antigenic Variation. Princeton University Press [Internet]. 2002 [cited 19 September 2016];. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2405/ Hlady RA, Tiedemann RL, Puszyk W, Zendejas I, Roberts LR, Choi JH, Liu C, Robertson KD. Epigenetic signatures of alcohol abuse and hepatitis infection during human hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncotarget. 2014 Oct 15;5(19):9425. (2.2) Pathogenic Neisseriae: gonorrhea and meningitis [Internet]. Textbookofbacteriology.net. 2016 [cited 21 September 2016]. Available from: https://textbookofbacteriology.net/neisseria.html Leone PA, Hynes NA, McGovern BH. Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. UpToDate.[Online][Cited: February 18, 2014.] https://www. uptodate. com/contents/epidemiologypathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations-of-neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infection. 2013. (3.1) Metcalf CJ, Ferrari M, Graham AL, Grenfell BT. Understanding Herd Immunity. Trends in immunology. 2015 Dec 31;36(12):753-5. (1.4) Westergaard RP, Hess T, Astemborski J, Mehta SH, Kirk GD. Longitudinal changes in engagement in care and viral suppression for HIV-infected injection drug users. AIDS (London, England). 2013 Oct 23;27(16):2559. (1.2) On AY, Sungur U. Patients with post-polio syndrome are more likely to have subclinical involvement as compared to polio survivors without new symptoms. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2016 Jan;19(1):44.