Human Resource Guest Model At Harrods assignment essay

Question: Explainthe selection of human asset visitor model at Harrods. Answer: Seeing the Guests model characterizes the individual administration from human asset the board. Therefore the human asset the board is alluded to as the responsibility based employment, instead of a consistence based occupation. It tends to be said that the human asset the executives surpassing the enlistment and preparing of the representatives (Mone and London 2014). This procedure incorporates perceiving the representatives as solid suits and qualities to the association, and using them with various administration techniques. Thos process features on the unmistakable needs instead of aggregate workforce (Lucas 2016). At the organizations like Harrods, the human asset the board office chiefly embraces the thought and it incorporates the improvement of the methodologies, which would assist the business with increasing the trust, offices and representative commitment, and so on. In this manner, so as to accomplish the ideal obligations so as to investigate the best ability to tempt at Harrods. Creating of the workers would be started with the learning and appropriate preparing forms. This would empower the representatives to execute their particular jobs to give their best capacities. The administration of the working procedures of the representatives would profit the association, and furthermore improve the administration abilities (Thomas 2016). The activity productivity of the workers would be the organization to create and arrive at a fruitful position. The overseeing specialists additionally changed the hierarchical structure, by parting the high chain of command with inordinate layers (Mone an d London 2014). In regard to this, setting more obligations in the possession of the workers would effectively expand the possibility of the business. The procedure likewise included improved and altered correspondence utilizing various proposition, for example, Yours Harrods, which is a magazine for inside workers; Morning preparation; Quarterly representative gathering; Intranet; and other configuration of worker voice (Pollack et al. 2016). Differentiation of the distinctions of the thoughts: As per Story, the key plans and the sensible definitions of human asset the board might be characterized as the administration arrangements of any association, which includes the commitment of the qualities of the organization, the workers (Mone and London 2014). The workers all in all add to the accomplishments of the targets gave by the organization. A qualification between the hard and the delicate types of the human asset the board was likewise remembered for the particular investigation by Story (Sampaio et al. 2012). The hard human asset the board features the prerequisite of the individuals in various procedures which would gain extra qualities to accomplish the serious estimations of the organization. Accordingly, it assembles on quantitative and quantifiable rules. This additionally includes the command over the exhibition of the board. The delicate human asset the executives incorporates the treatment of the representatives as the solid suits, a fundamental wellspring of th e upper hands. The dedication and the adaptability and high effectiveness is associated with the procedure. The necessity to duty and trust of the workers incorporates the interests of dealing with the representatives. The administration of the representatives must agree, coordinate, and should include cooperation (Pollack et al. 2016.). As per Story, Personnel the executives is a procedure of dealing with the workforce or the representatives to follow the standard, which are required to keep up the estimations of the organization by the proprietors. The procedure significantly focuses on the enrollment factors, pay roll and the laws of business. Therefore, he could picture PM as the administration procedure, which bureaucratizes the guidelines and the systems to part the capacities from the general administration. Story had center around 27 key variables which started the separation between the PM and the IR just as the human asset the executives (Den Hartog et al. 2013). The significant components include: (Waheed et al. 2016) Measurements IR and the Personnel Human asset the board Components: Lawful agreements Productive depiction as composed agreements Center to surpass the agreement Definitions Adequacy and criticalness in detailing new principles Development and standpoint of the guidelines The board guide and activities Procedure Requirement for the business Referent to the practices Rule and guidelines Point of the procedure The board of the works Estimation and overseeing Backing Attributes of relations Reasoning of the hypothesis Investigation Quarrel Articulation Less impacting factors Variables including the techniques: Significant relations The board of the works client Beginning plans Progressive procedure Combination of the administration Corporate viewpoints Edge the executives Focal administration aptitudes Pace of the goals Diminished procedure Expanded procedure Line the executives: Job of the administration Exchanges Authority in a transformational way Primary administrators Authorities in IR General administration Correspondence and translation Security Straight Adjustment Significant level of issues Low degree of issues The board methodologies (valued) Arranging the procedure Offices of the procedure Primary levels: Arrangement Separate the assignment in the minor way Key components of the errand and the coordinated way. Installment Assessment of the activity Identified with the presentation of the association. Here, we have referenced about the human asset the executives at Harrods (Kulkarni et al. 2014). In this manner the model of Story impacts the redesign of the key mental prerequisites of people. Subsequently, the procedures helped the representatives to experience an advancement, which impact them to offer help and create to the association (Jiang et al. 2012). Appraisal and execution: The procedure includes a few executions for both the line administrators just as the representatives. The line administrators need to include such plans which would improve the variables like initiative style, approaches of business, culture of the association (Hall 2014). The whole arrangement procedures are for the improvement of the business aptitudes and the profitability of the professional Harrods. The human asset the executives incorporates progressive plans which dodge recommendations which will strife with the business tasks. The usage plans for the representatives incorporates factors like changes and compensation and rewards which would build the proficiency of the workers and increment their exhibition levels. The components impact the estimations of a brand like Harrods. The exhibitions and the commitment of the cooperation of the benefits of the organization would assist the association with reaching to a fruitful level (Foster 2014). Understanding the techniques for building up adaptability in the association: Utilization of a models of adaptability: In the period of 21st century, adaptability has become a key component in practically all the associations. The term adaptability in human asset the executives is characterized as the choice of the representatives just as the chiefs for making changes with respect to where, when and how an individual will function for relieving the person just as the business needs (Shields et al. 2015). This obviously delineates, there is various adaptability models that can be applied inside a working environment. These models are low maintenance working, work sharing, working by means of phone, portable working, flexi working and packed hours and so forth. On account of portable working model, the business allows and offers help to a worker to play out all or a piece of their working range at an area, which is a long way from their work environment. By and by, this model can be applied at whatever point a worker consents to release the obligation from a spot where the person in question will be en gaged with merchandizing for the association. This will thus assist the association with reaching those clients who remain far away from their work environment of the representatives with the items and administrations of the concerned association (Paill et al. 2014). On account of Harrods by deciding different characteristic needs of the people the human asset the board division of the association is offering various adaptable openings for work so as to relieve the individual needs of the representatives for acquiring most extreme commitment towards the association and in this way getting greatest potential advantages of Harrods. The versatile working model of Harrods, is accessible as portable working at the Airports. This model is subject to the bit of leeway that are given by the broadband specialist co-ops so the representatives can get to the web just as intranet to work at air terminal at a decreased expense for them just as finishing their whole piece of working hour (Purce 2 014). This model advantages Harrods also, this model really diminishes the expense to the organization and improves the existence nature of the workers too, with the goal that they can perform to their best. Nonetheless, not the same as Knightsbridge address, Harrods guarantees that its Airport representatives are a significant piece of the organization and in this way correspondence is given ideal need benefits are actually same and the standard of the items are additionally same as those accessible at the leader stores. Clarifying the various kinds of adaptability that can be implimented inside an association: There are various sorts of adaptability, which Harrods can apply in its hierarchical structure. In any case, the use of these techniques will rely upon the strategi

Net Present Value method Essay

1. Net Present Value strategy is one of the techniques utilized in capital planning. The NPV depends on the stopped income. An organization that has a proposition for another venture or a speculation utilizes the NPV technique to choose if they ought to acknowledge it or proceed onward with an alternate venture. This strategy gives significant data to the administration about the money surges identified with the venture and money inflows from the speculation with the thought of the time estimation of cash. The time estimation of cash has been considered in this strategy on the grounds that the cash contributed today will have an alternate an incentive later on. The cost capital is the base rate ofâ return that the proposed speculation needs to reach so as to be acknowledged. When processing the Net Present Value the future money surges and inflows are limited at present an incentive at the pace of the expense of capital. On the off chance that the necessary pace of return is lower than the expense of capital, at that point the organization should dismiss the undertaking and ought not draw in with it any further. Then again, in the event that the necessary pace of return is even or higher, at that point the venture will have the option to bring the benefit that will give establishes to pay liabilities to company’s lender and investors. 2. Under Internal Rate of Return the venture is assessed dependent on the normal pace of return. The IRR for an income is a loan cost that outcomes in a NPV equivalent to zero. In this technique the expense of capital is utilized and furthermore known as obstacle rate. Obstacle rate is the base rate that the speculation needs to reach so as to be acknowledged by the administration. In the wake of processing the IRR, the dynamic body analyzes the IRR results to the expense of capital rate. On the off chance that the IRR is equivalent or higher that obstacle rate, the speculation can be acknowledged, if lower †undertaking ought to be dismissed.

ASD 2016 in photos COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

ASD 2016 in photos COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog April 5 marked another Admitted Students Day at SIPA.  While the morning was unseasonably chilly, the sun was still  shining and everyone had an enjoyable day connecting with members of the SIPA community. The event began  with a fireside chat with IMAC Director Anya Schiffrin and University Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz. Later in the afternoon, students shared a meal  with current Seeples and professors and discussed their excitement (and possibly reservations) about attending graduate school. Afterward, students embarked on a campus tour before making their way over to the International Affairs Building for some afternoon breakout sessions and student and alumni panels. The day concluded with an evening reception, live jazz band and raffle prizes. Oh, and did I mention there was even a photo booth? Take a look at a few of the snapshots below, then visit our Facebook Page to review even more moments from the day! Grace Han, Executive Director of Admissions Financial Aid, welcomes everyone to ASD 2016. The map behind her shows where all of the admitted students are coming from. Anya Schiffrin and Joseph E. Stiglitz discuss inequality, the media and U.S. elections over a fireside chat. Our current Seeples greet admitted students to ASD throughout the day. Where else could you eat lunch and pick the brain of Gender and Public Policy Director Yasmine Ergas (left)? ASD, thats where! Seeple Affan Javed shares his experiences during the current student panel. Associate Professor Christopher Blattman gives a brief faculty lecture on field study and policy design before kicking off the evening reception. Students spend part of the evening declaring their Seepleness with a few funny photos.

Hydrogen Sulfide New Gaseous Signaling Molecule in the...

Introduction: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the latest molecule added to the gasotransmitter group after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Great attention has been given to H2S in the last few years with regards to its production, metabolism, physiological functions and clearance. H2S constitutes a sound example of science’s evolution based on research and development; since H2S has been named as a toxic gas since its discovery in 1713, and only in the late 80’s of the past century scientist and researchers were capable to determine quantities of endogenous H2S in animals brain [1-3]. Yet recent; number of fundamental investigations were able to illustrate the physiochemical properties of the H2S as a reducing agent and nucleophile, which affords its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Another essential field of research addressed cytoprotective properties of H2S based on its antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative actions, in addition to ion ch annels regulatory processes, and ultimately, its usefulness as a potential treatment for several cardiovascular disorders through H2S releasing substances, formally named H2S donors [6]. The most studied H2S donors in cardiovascular field is Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), while Sodium sulfide (Na2S), is another H2S donor has been implicated more in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidants research field. Similar to (NO); H2S in mammalians produced endogenously by endothelial cells to respond of various

Antisocial Personality Disorder- Ted Bundy - 2585 Words

Ted Bundy is known to be the worst serial killer in U.S. History. In the 1970s, Ted raped and murdered women in at least five different states. Bundy eventually confessed to thirty murders, although the actual total remains unknown. Theodore Robert Bundy was born on November 24th, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont to Eleanor Louise Cowell, a 22 year old single woman. Teds mom never told him much about his father other than that he was in the armed forces and that they never were really together. Bundy had a difficult childhood and was pretty much an wanted by his mother. After being left in foster care for two months, Eleanor decided to have her parents raise Ted and make him and everyone believe that they were his adopted parents and†¦show more content†¦He also found that his dad was listed on there, named Lloyd Marshall. Bundy waited until the fall to resume his studies at the University of Washington where he excelled greatly than before. He ended up in honors classes and became engaged in local politics, where he transcended in. Ted Bundy graduated from Washington with a degree in psychology. In the summer of 1973 Ted got accepted into the University of Utah Law School. Everything still going smoothly for Bundy and seemed to be headed for abundant things. No one will ever really know what happened to set Ted Bundy off, but around 1973 he began raping and murdering women at a surprising rate. No one really knows exactly when and how many woman he had murdered but he was a prime suspect in many unsolved murders. Kathy Devine was last seen getting into a green pick-up on November 25, 1973, which was later found that Ted Bundy had the same green pick-up at the time. Fifteen year old Divines decomposed remains were found on December 6 with her jeans cut open in between her legs. Her throat was cut and the investigators concluded that she was murdered right after she disappeared and there were no leads or evidence to bring someone to justice for the acts they have committed on this poor girl. In early 1974, two girls with similar acts of crimes against them were committed in less than a month time span. They were reported to have been beaten over the head and had a metal rod stuck upShow MoreRelatedCase Study Analysis of Ted Bundy1041 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Ted Bundy Introduction A personality disorder can be described as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is extremely inflexible, deviates markedly from the expectations of a persons culture, and causes personal distress or behavioral impairment (Bernstein, Nietzel, McCauley Foust, 1997). Such patterns of problems in the personality of an individual can be traced to adolescence or even childhood. People who have been diagnosed with personality disorders demonstrateRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Sociopathy And Psychopathy Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesAntisocial personality disorder is a condition as to where the person that has the disorder tends to be manipulative, deceitful, reckless or malicious. Antisocial personality disorder, a lot like other personality disorders, is often put on a spectrum. Which in turn means that the disorder can often range in severity. The variables can range from committing small or insignificant acts of bad behavior, to potentially harming others and committing large scale crimes. For reference, psychopathy isRead MoreCase Study: Ted Bundy Essay2279 Words   |  10 Pages Theodore Robert Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell on November 24, 1949.His mother, Louise Cowell was unmarried at the time, and the name of his biological father has never been determined with certainty, however Lloyd Marshall was named on his birth certificate. 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It was wonderful to be in love, to have a college romance, to stroll through the wooded paths of the campus hand-in-hand†¦but she sensed that Ted was floundering, that he had no real plans, no real prospects for the future† (RuleRead MoreThe Psychological Theory Of Ted Bundy776 Words   |  4 Pages Based on the general idea of Ted Bundy’s background, psychological theory can be applied to his cases of murdering. Psychological theories focus on human’s mind and behavior and the assumption is problems are rooted in unconscious mind and symptoms are manifestations of hidden disturbances or conflicts. According to his childhood circumstances, Ted Bundy’s childhood trauma and abuse played an important role in his serial murders. His father disappeared before he was born and his whole startedRead MoreCharacteristics And Characteristics Of A Personality Disorder1460 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial swindlers, rapists, terrorists and serial murderers. Most of them all have something in common, they suffer from psychopathy or some form of mental illness or disorder. Our textbook states the â€Å"the term psychopathy â€Å"refers to a very specific and distinctive type of psychopathology†-a personality disorder characterized by antisocial behavior and a lack of feelings, especially empathy for or sensitivity to others . There are some biological characteristics such as traumatic events or abuse thatRead MoreMental Disorders And Personality Disorder1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe brain, specifically the mind, is the structure of all things personality and there are no set boundaries that it falls in. But what happens when there s a glitch, causing people to not understand human ethics? There are certain mental disorders that can be linked to serial criminality, such as antisocal personality disorder and borderline personality which are exhibited in notorious killers Ted Bundy and Jeffrey Dahmer. Ted Bundy is perhaps a household name. His crimes were so horrendous and largeRead MoreTheodore Bundy : Serial Killer2158 Words   |  9 PagesTheodore Bundy is a serial killer well known for his rape, kidnapping, assault, strangulation, decapitation, and necrophilia of young women. His murders span from 1974 to 1978 taking over thirty victims across seven states. Ted Bundy led two lives: one as a law student and volunteer counselor in a rape victim clinic, and the other as a murderer of more than thirty women. Bundy had a chameleonic style that presented a unique form of mental flexibility that certain predatory psychopaths possessRead MoreTheodore Bundy : The Characteristics Of Sociopaths1346 Words   |  6 Pages The term sociopath refers to an individual who exhibits behaviors that are outside of societys norms and expectations. Sociopaths is a person with a personality disorder manifesting itself in extreme antisocial attitudes and behavior and a lack of conscience. Theodore Bundy (born Theodore Robert Cowell; November 24, 1946 - January 24, 1989) was an american serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, burgular, and necrophile who assualted and murdered numerous young womenRead MoreJohn Wayne Gacy And Charles Manson Essay797 Words   |  4 Pages Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Jeffrey Dahmer, Gary Leon Ridgeway and Charles Manson. These are some of the most infamous names in the history of murder, but they hid in plain sight, and Manson did not even commit murder. He was so manipulative he could convince others to do his bidding for him. How is that even possible? Surely one would be able to recognize someone who is such a dangerous threat or would they? One of the reasons these killers can be so successful is their ability to blend into

Children of Heaven Review Free Essays

Children of Heaven This movie made me very thankful for everything I have in my life, including my shoes. I found it sad that All could not Just speak up for himself. If All would have asked the man working the grocery store about the shoes, then he might not go to all the trouble in the first place. We will write a custom essay sample on Children of Heaven Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now I found it sad that the children had to work, and never got to play. The quality of life for this family bothered me deeply, and it made me blessed for the childhood that I had. The kids in this movie worked almost as servants to the adults, maintained pristine manors, and showed great perseverance. I noticed most of the adults in the movie were very strict, stern, and seemed like they were not afraid to beat a child. All made some of the highest grades in his class despite his hardships, he was a responsible kid. I Just don’t understand why he did not speak up about the shoes to his teacher, principle, or coach. It was sad to see kids having to stick together, and share a pair of shoes to prevent one of them from getting a beating. All’s sister should have asked the other girl wearing her shoes, where she got them. The girl may have Just given them to her in exchange for the en, or when she received her new shoes. This movie was one hardship after another, heartbreaking for me to watch. It makes me want to donate shoes for children who may not have any at all. It was sad to see people In the movie live In lavish mansion, and then compare It to All’s home. All’s dad was paid very good for his gardening work, this money would be a precious asset to his family. When the man at the mosque gave All’s dad the tools, this showed how the Islamic community supported the others In need. Overall It seemed Like a rough situation to me. How to cite Children of Heaven Review, Papers

Epidemiology and Control of Communicable Diseases

Question: Discuss about the Epidemiology and Control of Communicable Diseases. Answer: Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus can live on skin for the longer period and they also prefer to live in warmest, darkest place such as the nose. Mostly nasal colonization takes place and host respond to this by expression of anti-microbial peptides and cytokines. In this condition both the patients are described as colonized (4). In IV drug user, injection drug is one of the major sources of HIV infection as people can get HIV from sharing drug preparation or injecting equipments. Shared needle is basically the main cause of infection because as it contains contaminated blood of infected persons and peripheral blood, lymphoid tissue and bone marrow is the main reservoir for infection. IV drug users take injected drugs that are introduced into the bloodstream using needle and syringe. HIV infected blood can get into blood stream at the time of preparation of drug using blood contaminated syringes, reusing bottles to dissolve drugs into water and reusing cottons to filter out things that block the needles (9). Immunogenicity is indirectly related to transmissibility in an endemic area. Immunogenicity is the ability of the human body immune system to induce adaptive and humoral cell immune response in response to entry of an antigen. It is a means to check transmissibility of infection by provoking an immune action against the infection. It leads to immunologic memory. Therapeutic agents like proteins leads to hypersensitive reaction and formation of antibodies against the protein. The level of immune status and genetic factor has impact on immunogenicity. Thus immunogenicity is a factor that indirectly minimizes the transmissibility of disease or infection (8). Infectious agents such as protozoa, bacterium or virus changes surface proteins in order to evade immune response of host. This kind of antigenic variation in an organism is a mechanism to target specific host, repeatedly infect single host and quickly transmit to host cells. It is a response by organism to fight against immunogenicity of host cells. It is an approach to immune evasion by pathogen and reinfecting host as antigen is not recognized by immune system. It also has an impact on the duration of parasite infection within a host cell. Antigenic variation provides host cell with immune memory (6). Polio epidemic was first encountered in the nineteenth century. At that time all children were exposed with the polio virus and protected by maternal antibodies. With change in times and improved environmental hygiene and sanitation, age at which people are diagnosed with polio significantly increased. Children encountered the virus at an increased age compared to previous polio cases in children and they were no longer protected by maternal antibody (3). Before development in sanitation, children became exposed to the virus but exposure provided them with permanent immunity to the virus. But with modern ideas in hygiene, children are not exposed the virus in infancy and they do not develop natural immunity against it. The ultimate result is that severe symptoms of disease began to be seen. Now there are relatively fewer cases in young children and increase in number of young adults affected by it (2). If a person contracts polio infection, symptoms appear within 5-35 days. The subclinical infection of polio is associated with headache, fever vomiting and sore throat while clinical infection affects the central nervous system. Symptoms of clinical infection include back pain, skin rash, fever, difficulty in breathing, muscle spasm, etc. 90% of polio infection is subclinical type of infection. Polio infection aggravates due to environmental sources of infection like contaminated water, food, flies and poor sanitation. With the improvement in environmental sanitation and hygiene, enteric infection will get delayed and it will reduce the clinical: subclinical ratio of polio cases in endemic area (11). Hepatitis A virus infection is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated water, food or direct contact with infectious person. In order to give advice to Community Aid abroad to prevent infection, it will be necessary know about overseas environmental factors like availability of safe water, food safety procedures and level of sanitation and hygiene in the country. Countries with poor sanitary condition and hygiene practice have been found to have more number of cases of Hepatitis A infection (6). In CAA workers it is necessary to know about their sanitary habits, their living conditions and the kind of foods they consume. It is important because often people living lesser developed areas have more chance of infection. Poor and low quality food also has chance of Hepatitis A infection, so knowing this factors about CAA workers will be necessary. Gonorrhea is caused by gram negative agent diplococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, rectum area, cervix, urethra and bloodstream. The bacterium does not survive in the environment and prefers CO2 environment, so urogenital site is the main site for infection. Neiserria gonnorrhoeae is a fragile organism and sensitive environmental factors like temperature change, UV light exposure and drying (7). Sexually active men and women are at high risk of acquiring this kind of infection and transmitting the disease. Vertical transmission also occurs by transfer from mother to child during birth. Once the Neisseria gonorrhoeae enters the mucous membrane of urogenital tracts, they utlize their surface pili to anchor at the infection site and target non-ciliated epithelial cells, The pili prevents the phagocytosis of neutrophils and digests IgA on the surface of urethra and cervix. This is done by IgA protease within the pili and helps in attachment of bacteria to these surfaces. This adherence allows transmission of organism inside the fallopian tube and initiates the mechanism of infection. The gonococci replicates after adherence to non-ciliated cells where they are exocytosed into subepithelial cells and inflammations and other symptoms occur. Socioenvironemtal factors like practices of sex and use of safe practices also affects the transmission of the disease (8). Gonorrhea and Chlamydia can be prevented or treated with antibiotic given to patients orally or by injection. Antibiotic treatment disrupts the chain of transmission of bacterium and prevents the infection from getting worse. Generally combination of dual antibiotics like cephalosporin and azithromycin is used to improve efficacy of treatment. Ciprofloxacin also used in treating sexually transmitted disease (5). Other methods for controlling infections include using antiviral medication or dug combination therapy. The methods for prevention will include health education to provide information about sexual health and interventions to promote sexual health The recent sharp increase of gonorrhea from 1400 per 100,000 population in 1999 to 2225 in per 100,000 population in 2009 indicate a possible decline in safe sex practice which increase the gonorrhea transmission. The other factor is the decreased sensitivity of N. gonorrhoea to antimicrobial drugs (10). Culture and sensitivity Positive Negative Total Urinary PCR Positive 750 150 900 Negative 50 9050 9100 800 9200 10000 Sensitivity Specificity Positive predictive value Negative predictive value Culture and sensitivity 8% 7.5% 93.75% 98.36% Urinary PCR 9% 7.5% 83.33% 100% The symptoms of gonorrhea are mostly asymptomatic in both men and women. As gonnorhea is asymptomatic, screening is critical for identification and prevention of upper genital tract infection and preventing all forns of transmission. The gonnorhea surveillance will involve widespread routine genital screening to assess risk for infection among women. Women are at more risk due to multiple sex partners, inconsistent condom use and HIV infection associated with sexual activity. Pharyngeal screening is also essential for identification of those women who were missed with traditional genital tract screening (4). Due to asymptomatic characteristics of the disease, widespread screening is essential to identify people who are at risk of the disease. Specific testing for gonorrhea because of apparent notification rate in males and females. Yes, this is also the case for indigenous community because they have limited access to sexual health service and so surveillance will be of utmost importance HIV is an example for sensitive case definition because the disease is widespread and it is necessary to have a sensitive case definition. Tuberculosis because it requires standard case definition and controlling disease because treatment protocols are not well-defined. References: Andric B, Drowos J, Trepka MJ, Suciu G, Alonso A, Hennekens CH. High frequencies of negative pretreatment results following presumptive antibiotic treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Southern medical journal. 2013 May;106(5):321-6. Closser S, Cox K, Parris TM, Landis RM, Justice J, Gopinath R, Maes K, Amaha HB, Mohammed IZ, Dukku AM, Omidian PA. The impact of polio eradication on routine immunization and primary health care: a mixed-methods study. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2014 Apr 1:jit232. Polio and Sanitation: Inside Vaccines [Internet]. Insidevaccines.com. 2010 [cited 21 September 2016]. Available from: https://insidevaccines.com/wordpress/2010/07/01/polio-and-sanitation/ Danielsson-Tham ML. Staphylococcal Food Poisoning. Food Associated Pathogens. 2013 Sep 25:250. (1.1) Fagan PS, Downing SG, McCall BJ, Carroll HJ, Howard TM, Palmer CM. Enhanced surveillance for gonorrhoea in two diverse settings in Queensland in the 2000s: comparative epidemiology and selected management outcomes This paper analyses enhanced surveillance data for gonorrhoea from an urban and a remote region of Queensland during the 2000s. It describes the diverse epidemiology of this condition in these two populations and details management challenges and outcomes. Page last updated: 21 February 2014. (3.5a)Frank S. Benefits of Antigenic Variation. Princeton University Press [Internet]. 2002 [cited 19 September 2016];. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2405/ Hlady RA, Tiedemann RL, Puszyk W, Zendejas I, Roberts LR, Choi JH, Liu C, Robertson KD. Epigenetic signatures of alcohol abuse and hepatitis infection during human hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncotarget. 2014 Oct 15;5(19):9425. (2.2) Pathogenic Neisseriae: gonorrhea and meningitis [Internet]. Textbookofbacteriology.net. 2016 [cited 21 September 2016]. Available from: https://textbookofbacteriology.net/neisseria.html Leone PA, Hynes NA, McGovern BH. Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. UpToDate.[Online][Cited: February 18, 2014.] https://www. uptodate. com/contents/epidemiologypathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations-of-neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infection. 2013. (3.1) Metcalf CJ, Ferrari M, Graham AL, Grenfell BT. Understanding Herd Immunity. Trends in immunology. 2015 Dec 31;36(12):753-5. (1.4) Westergaard RP, Hess T, Astemborski J, Mehta SH, Kirk GD. Longitudinal changes in engagement in care and viral suppression for HIV-infected injection drug users. AIDS (London, England). 2013 Oct 23;27(16):2559. (1.2) On AY, Sungur U. Patients with post-polio syndrome are more likely to have subclinical involvement as compared to polio survivors without new symptoms. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2016 Jan;19(1):44.

Re-word the future free essay sample

Faking a smile to mask my ambivalence, I approached a boy sitting alone in the over-crowded cafeteria. I never interacted with a handicapped person before and I didn’t know what to expect. Before my lips could form a greeting Mikey interjected, â€Å"Hi! I can’t wait to have fun with my new buddy.† Stunned by his articulate welcome, he eradicated my stereotypical expectation of the mentally-challenged. Eager to converse, Mikey’s untainted curiosity exposed an engaging dialogue; however, as we entered the hallway our conversation diminished. With each step, his apprehension intensified. The gregarious boy I met twenty minutes ago vanished. Sheepishly reaching for my hand, I subtly ignored his gesture in fear of committing social suicide. Before I could question his change in character I recognized the cause of his recoil. Insensitive cliques of gossipers shouted ominous comments that echoed through the halls, â€Å"Who’s the retarded kid? Did you l ose a bet?† I can’t say this was an epiphany, but it was a transformative moment. We will write a custom essay sample on Re-word the future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I reflected on its tactless utilization and disparaging effects. Firmly gripping Mikey’s hand we navigated through a swarm of students ignorant to the power of their own words. Retard, a corruption of the word retarded, is a painful stereotype forced upon the mentally-challenged. These six letters plague those battling intellectual disabilities. Said with the intention to insult, retard mocks a handicapped individual’s desire to be accepted in society. They are teased because they can’t comprehend at a pace society deems fit, yet ridiculers ignore the diligence the mentally-handicapped exert to accomplish simple actions that most take for granted. Society distorts the innocuous definition into a pejorative comment that implies insignificance. This way of mocking a friend’s stupidity is hate speech. In an attempt to justify their ignorance, many feel the mentally-handicapped are incapable of deciphering odious comments against them. This populace fails t o realize that the handicapped are more alike than different. They laugh just as loud, dream just as big and smile just as bright as the rest of us; consequently, their pain is just as real. Racial slurs and biased insults have emotional impacts; â€Å"retarded† is no different. Mikey’s reclusive retreat demonstrates that even charismatic individuals can be intimidated by disparaging comments. Millions worldwide guiltily utilize this terminology everyday. Television host, Chelsea Handler, broadens this malignant speech weekly when an estimated 900,000 viewers tune in to her program. Former White House Chief of Staff, Rahm Emanuel, contributed to this dehumanization by calling opponents of â€Å"Obama-care† â€Å"retards†. Dehumanizing language has the power to stigmatize those with cognitive and developmental disabilities. It is of paramount importance that the label retard is eradicated from the dictionary as well as our minds. The mentally-challenged are more than just a word; they are a part of our community. Society has made great strides in eliminating many forms of hate speech; for Mikey’s sake it is time to spread a new â€Å"r-word†: respect. We may not be able to re-write the past, but we can re-word the future.

Free Essays on Homelessness in America

Homelessness in America is one of the biggest political issues in America today. It occurs in every city in America. Homelessness has increased dramatically over the past ten to fifteen years. Many communities have doubled or tripled their shelter capacity in order to respond to increasing homelessness (NCH). Homeless men, women, and especially families are growing rapidly with the growing population. It seems that the problem is unsolvable in our society today. America is making changes to help the homeless get back on their feet. â€Å"HOMELESS† DEFINED Advocates civilized the use of the word â€Å"homeless† in the late 1970s, intending it as a non-stigmatizing way of referring to the street-dwelling poor and their counterparts in shelters. Faintly outdated itself, the term seemed well suited to a kind of poverty that had virtually vanished from the American landscape nearly four decades earlier. As the full dimensions of the problem have come into sharper focus, however, it is becoming clear that the term is showing signs of strain. In the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, the legislation which created a series of targeted homeless assistance programs, the Federal Government defined â€Å"homeless† to mean: (1)An individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence; (2)An individual who has a primary night-time residence that is: a.A supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for the mentally ill), b.An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized, or, c.A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings. (3)This term does not include any individual imprisoned or otherwise detained under an Act of Congress or State law. Pe... Free Essays on Homelessness in America Free Essays on Homelessness in America Homelessness in America is one of the biggest political issues in America today. It occurs in every city in America. Homelessness has increased dramatically over the past ten to fifteen years. Many communities have doubled or tripled their shelter capacity in order to respond to increasing homelessness (NCH). Homeless men, women, and especially families are growing rapidly with the growing population. It seems that the problem is unsolvable in our society today. America is making changes to help the homeless get back on their feet. â€Å"HOMELESS† DEFINED Advocates civilized the use of the word â€Å"homeless† in the late 1970s, intending it as a non-stigmatizing way of referring to the street-dwelling poor and their counterparts in shelters. Faintly outdated itself, the term seemed well suited to a kind of poverty that had virtually vanished from the American landscape nearly four decades earlier. As the full dimensions of the problem have come into sharper focus, however, it is becoming clear that the term is showing signs of strain. In the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, the legislation which created a series of targeted homeless assistance programs, the Federal Government defined â€Å"homeless† to mean: (1) An individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence; (2) An individual who has a primary night-time residence that is: a. A supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for the mentally ill), b. An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized, or, c. A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings. (3) This term does not include any individual imprisoned or otherwise detained under an Act of Congress or State law. Pe...

Gender differences in leadership style Dissertation

Gender differences in leadership style - Dissertation Example Gender differences in leadership style has in recent years become an area of immense interest for study in the fields of sociology, management and psychology, especially in view of the increasing number of women that have begun assuming leadership roles in different fields. However, it is known that there are basic differences in the ways males and females function as leaders and the issue arises if such differences are associated with gender. This issue has made researchers to attempt in providing a means to explain why very few women have been able to assume leadership roles. There is no doubt that women are forming a larger proportion of the work force but very few are able to hold top management and administration functions. It is for this reason that researchers have been focusing on determining if women lack the required skills in attaining senior positions or whether they are different in terms of their leadership styles and perceptions. This is a paper on gender differences i n leadership styles and examines the relevant literature in focusing on the leadership styles of male and female school principals. The issues to be examined relate to functions of school principals in regard to instructional leadership, ethical practices, interpersonal relationships, decision making and practices of professional development. Vecchio (2002) conducted research to examine the gender differences amongst school principals. Although the number of females responding to the questions was small, they were still considered to be a significant group. The researcher found some basic differences in the leadership styles of male and female principals. Male principals had much more experience than female principals. In clear indication of the leadership style of women, it was found that female principals conducted more weekly faculty meetings than their male counterparts. Women were not found to be very active in attending national or regional level conventions. The most significant difference amongst male and female principles appears to be that females are more worried about the ways in which a typical school day will be spent. While 77 percent females reported that their main duty was to act as instructional leaders, only 58 percent men reported having similar viewpoints. However, both groups confirmed that most of their day was spent in general managerial functions. In terms of the time spent by each group to allocated activities, both agreed that maintaining contact with teachers and maintaining discipline amongst students were the most important functions of school principals. Lesser time was devoted by both groups on issues of general management. In terms of the manner in which a typical day is spent by both groups, almost 80 percent women principals were found to be involved in teaching as well as administrative work. They used 48 percent of their time in teaching. In contrast, only 47 percent male principals were allotted work related to both administration and teaching. Male principals were found to be using only 35 percent of their time on teaching. It is therefore evident that the notion of instructional leadership is considerably impacted with the percentage of time that is spent on teaching in a typical school day. It is also evident that female principals have greater work load of teaching, which makes them vulnerable in being less effective towards providing instructional leadership as compared to their male counterparts (Eagly and Karau, 2002). Other issues that need to be examined in determining gender differences in gender differences in leadership style between male and female school principals are: The leadership approach that characterizes school principals Whether the leadership styles of female principals considerably different from their male counterparts Although there is some difference in the leadership styles of male and female p

Final exam essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Final exam - Essay Example To avoid consequences, we make an agreement with other people in the society by denouncing the unacceptable ways and practice doing the acceptable things. Contract theory lays emphasis on the need for justice in the society. For a peaceful coexistence and satisfaction of basic needs people should seek to have a contract where they exchange goods and services. John Locke had the view that the ethical pre-political state of the society is assured by a divinely ordered natural commandment. John Rawls’ Theory of Justice argued that a group of rational and unbiased individuals will create a beneficial principle of justice as the basis for regulation of all duties, power, rights, and wealth. Social contract theory plays the role of setting up rules that govern behaviors that are acceptable by all people in the society. Contract theory creates an orderly society and enhances cooperation in the production of social goods (Gauthier1990). For this to be possible everyone in the society should be involved in the contract. This will ensure that the life and property of the people in the society has been protected. Contract theory aims at removing the notion of utilitarianism or self-interest. It argues that people follow the set rules for the advantage of the society as a whole. Contract theory has been applied by the Government in the form of a constitution. A constitution is a list of things that serve the society to enhance orderliness. The laws in the constitution are amended to accommodate the needs of the individuals in the society. I believe that the constitution ensures that politicians who refer themselves as public servants though they mostly follow their self-interests. The purpose of the constitution is to keep the politicians in check. The constitution bars the politicians from overusing their powers (Gauthier 1990). The success of the Contract theory has been widespread and this has attracted critics as well. Feminists and race conscious philosophers have

Comparison of Techniques in Acne Scar Treatment

Comparison of Techniques in Acne Scar Treatment Punch excision techniques are utilized for depressed scars such as ice pick and boxcar scars. According to the diameter of the scar, a biopsy punch of appropriate size is used to excise the scar. If the scar is > 3.5 mm in size, it is excised and sutured after undermining, in a direction parallel to the relaxed skin tension lines. Procedure: Surgical preparation is done. Local anaesthesia infiltration and marking of the scar is done. Initial undermining of the scar is done. Based on the diameter of the scar, a biopsy punch of appropriate size is inserted till the subcutaneous fat layer and the punch graft is removed and discarded. After removal of the plug, the area becomes elliptical. Undermining with an artery forceps is done and is followed by suturing with 6-0 prolene. (Illustration 33.5) A linear scar ensues lying along the RSTL. Dressing is done. Antibiotics and NSAIDs are administered for 7 days. Depressed pitted ice pick scars up to 4 mm in diameter, are excised and replaced with an autologous, full-thickness punch graft. The donor site is commonly the post-auricular region or the gluteal region. Care should be taken to avoid cobblestoning, which is a common complication. Procedure: Surgical preparation is done. Local anaesthesia infiltration and marking of the scar is done. Initial undermining of the scar is done. Based on the diameter of the scar, a biopsy punch of appropriate size is inserted till the subcutaneous fat layer and the punch graft is removed and discarded. From the donor site, a full thickness punch graft> 0.5 mm than the excised scar is taken. This is then fit into the recipient area( Area of excised scar), if needed it is trimmed. Sutures or surgical glue is applied. (Illustration 33.6) Dressing is done. Antibiotics and NSAIDs are administered for 7 days. All the punch techniques require a postoperative follow up after 1 week to check for the donor/ recipient site and removal of sutures, if required. In selected cases, when scarring is linear and extensive, scar revision techniques such as Z, M and Y plasty may be useful. These need to be performed by a dermatosurgeon properly trained in performing these procedures. [41, 42] Various techniques such as microneedling, threadlifts are being used in atrophic acne scars. Intralesional steroids and cytotoxics along with silicone sheets are the mainstay for hypertrophic scars. Skin needling, also called â€Å"collagen induction therapy† or â€Å"needle dermabrasion† is the technique of rolling a device composed of a barrel studded with hundreds of needles, which create thousands of micropunctures in the skin to the level of the papillary to mid-dermis. [ 43] The optimal scars to treat with skin lesion are the same as fractional laser resurfacing— rolling acne scars, superficial boxcar scars, or erythematous or hypopigmented macular scars. A dermaroller device is used with needles of length 1.5 to 2.5mm is rolled across the skin with pressure in multiple directions until the area demonstrates uniform pinpoint bleeding through thousands of micropuncture sites. One study describes rolling the device four times in four different directions (horizontally, vertically, and diagonally right and left) for a total of 16 passes. [44] In the author’s experience, the number of passes required to achieve uniform pinpoint bleeding of the treat ment area is variable and is inversely proportional to the density of the needles on the rolling barrel. Usually, three or more treatments are required to achieve optimal clinical benefit, separated by four-week intervals. Figure 33.6 shows good results with dermaroller microneedling. Microneedling with fractional radiofrequency (MFR) technology is now being used for acne scars. MFR is useful for distensible scars and non- distensible scars with associated volume loss. The procedural details and clinical studies have been detailed in Chapter 10. Non-surgical face lifts with threads are also being used for acne scar treatment. Polydioxanone (PDO) threads are used for lifting and tissue tightening and scar resurfacing; it stimulates production of collagen and fibroblasts in response to its implantation. Threadlift with PDO is indicated in patients of scars who cannot come repeatedly for multiple number of sittings for derma roller, or do not want to undergo laser/ lights or radiofrequency treatments. Evidence based studies are lacking with this technique. The procedure has been detailed in chapter 15. Intralesional triamcinolone 10-40 mg/mL with or without cytotoxics, like 5-fluorouracil, is indicated for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. These are repeated at 3-4 weekly intervals until resolution; care is taken to avoid atrophy. [45, 46, 47, 48] Administration of fluorouracil (5-FU) or bleomycin into the scars, results in gradual flattening of the scars. [49, 50, 51] 5-FU inhibits rapidly proliferating fibroblasts found in dermal wounds. [52]The therapy is efficacious for facial acne scars as monotherapy, [53, 54] and in combination with intralesional corticosteroids and a 585 nm pulsed dye laser. [50 ] Studies with 5-FU use a concentration of 50 mg/mL with a total dose per session ranging from 50 mg to 150 mg and can be given multiple times a week to increase treatment efficacy. Bleomycin is another antineoplastic agent that inhibits collagen synthesis through cytotoxic effects on rapidly dividing fibroblasts. [55, 56] Silicone dressings are chemically and biologically inert; silicon sheets or gels are found to be useful in flattening keloids and hypertrophic scars, reducing discoloration and making scars cosmetically acceptable. [57, 58] Scarring in areas which are subjected to repeated movements (chin, marionette lines) are prone to become more obvious with aging. The synergistic combination of botulinum toxin and fillers may prove to be a useful modality in these scars. Botulinum toxin relaxes the muscles and hence decreases the tensile forces surrounding the scar. [20] Combining 2 or 3 modalities of acne scar treatment in a single session or sequential planning of the procedure can prove advantageous to a monotherapy. Various combination therapies are practiced. Combination of different interventions can result in satisfactory improvement of acne scarring. It is useful to combine subcision with various modalities. Subscision treatments followed by microneedling performed immediately the day after and TCA 15% peel done a fortnight later was found to improve the grade of scar. [59] Another sequential combination therapy is TCA peeling, subcision, and subsequent fractional laser irradiation. Dot peeling and subcision is done twice at an interval of 2-3 weeks and fractional laser irradiation is done every 3-4 weeks. The duration of therapy is 12 months. A marked decrease in acne scar severity was noted. [60] Combination of PRP with microneedling, fractional CO2 and erbium YAG also constitutes an effective alternative that produces synergistic benefits with fewer adverse effects. [61, 62, 63] The aim of good postoperative care is to prevent or minimize complications and ensure early recovery. Preventive actions must be taken promptly to avert complications, which may lead to unacceptable aesthetic or functional result. This is most important in ablative resurfacing procedures, particularly in darker skinned patients, where pigmentary alterations are common. Supportive medical therapy and a careful maintenance program are essential to maintain results of surgical treatment in most patients. Complications related to individual procedures are discussed in details in respective chapters. In general, the complications include conditions such as active herpes simplex, immunosuppressive conditions, which may predispose to infection and delayed healing. Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common and dreaded complication of acne surgery, especially in dark skinned patients. Patients with unrealistic expectations or uncooperative patients who do not follow treatment regimens are more prone to develop complications. Adequate counselling, priming the skin and supportive medical therapy, apart from good intra- and postoperative care are essential for satisfactory surgical outcomes. The tips for management based on the author’s experience are outlined in Box 33.4 Box 33.4: Pearls and Pitfalls Procedural treatment in acne provides gratifying results. These are an adjunct treatment in active acne, however post acne scarring is being better managed with the advent of various procedural interventions. Fractional resurfacing lasers have proven to be one of the most beneficial technologies for post acne scarring. Judicious use of combination therapies in a single or sequential sessions have a synergistic role and are increasingly being used in clinical practice. Appropriate patient selection and a good understanding of patient expectations are vital to achieve an optimal therapeutic outcome. Acne surgery involves the use of appropriate surgical interventions for treatment of active acne as well as improving cosmetic outcomes in postacne scarring. In active acne, surgical intervention is used as an adjunctive to medical therapy. The treatment of post acne scars involves a multimodal approach as different types of scars may exist in an individual. Each scar and each patient must be evaluated and treated accordingly. The main goal of treatment is to achieve maximal improvement rather than perfection. The procedures can be classified as resurfacing, lifting, excisional modalities.For superficial scars, non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques such as microdermabrasion, superficial chemical peels or the newer non ablative lasers, are better treatment options. For deeper scars, a combined approach with subcision, punch excision techniques in conjunction with resurfacing procedures, are essential to achieve optimum results. Many complications can be prevented by thorough p reoperative evaluation, sound surgical technique, and careful follow-up care. Good patient rapport and effective communication with patients are invaluable.

New Criticism

New Criticism was a trend in literary theory that emphasized the predominance of the literary text: â€Å"New Criticism was the dominant trend in English and American literary criticism in the mid twentieth century, from the 1920’s to the early 1960’s. Its adherents were emphatic in their advocacy of close reading and attention to texts themselves, and their rejection of criticism based on extra-textual sources, especially biography. At their best, New Critical readings were brilliant, articulately argued, and broad in scope, but sometimes they were idiosyncratic and moralistic† (Wikipedia). The emergence of New Criticism coincided with the reaction from literary studies to the nineteenth century philological tradition and its emphases on extra-literary phenomena and biographism. Essentially, the adherents of the New Criticism school were opposed to the interpretation of literary texts in light of the authors’ lives, stating that the literary text is a self-sufficient entity and its significance is independent from reality in general. Also read: Absolute Statement Fallacy One of the aspects which is less known and discussed is that the main theses of the New Criticism school had many affinities with Prague Structuralist Circle which was developing at the same time. Such elements as the rejection of the extra-textual in the interpretation of literature or of the author’s intention are to be encountered in the studies of the Prague structuralists too. The common denominator between the two schools – and this explains the nature of their focus – is Russian Formalism, which was developed in the early twentieth century and which had a very strong impact on the critical approaches of both schools. The main theorists of New Criticism were: John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, R.P. Blackmur, Robert Penn Warren, I.A. Richards, William Empsom, Cleanth Brooks, William Wimsatt, & Monroe Beardsley. It was the 1941 book by John Crowe Ransom – New Criticism – that formally constituted the diverse critics into a school in its own right. The New Critics were highly prolific and, although they are largely rejected today, their studies on literature became famous and a necessary reference in the history of literary criticism. Some of the most influential studies were: Brooks’ The Well Wrought Urn, Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity, Brooks and Warren’s Understanding Poetry, and Richard’s Practical Criticism or Monroe and Beardsley’s essay â€Å"The Intentional Fallacy†. The main elements of New Criticism were: NC sees the text as an autotelic (a word that was a NC fave) artifact; it is something autonomous, written for its own sake, unified (an aspect never fully fleshed out in any logical or coherent way by the NCs) in form, & independent of the writer’s life, intent, etc. In fact- 3 of the major tenets of NC were: 1) self-sufficiency: the poem should be independent of biography, historical content or effect on the reader– which were called the Intentional, Historical & Affective fallacies. 2) unity: the poem should be a coherent whole- a very traditional view, albeit limited. 3) complexity: thought to be the central element of poetry. NC believed it was the reader’s duty to seek this out in the art. Violations of these tenets were examples of the Intentional Fallacy- that the artist’s intent is the primary value of the art (Schneider, 1). In other words, proper criticism was to avoid the three main fallacies and focus solely on the text. Ironically, it was these main assumptions that were challenged by later schools of criticism such as Reader Response or New Historicism, which argued for the importance of readership and historicity in our understanding of literature. The primacy of the text in unveiling the meaning of literature signified that the New Critics posited a direct relationship between form and meaning. Their analyses of literary texts consisted mostly of in-depth formal and structural discussions of poetic language and devices. For instance, William Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity focused solely on the semantic aspect of poetry, which he could grasp by an analysis of specific poetic devices such as paradox or metaphor. Many of the New Critics’ statements took on an absolute value, consisting of formulations which resembled inviolable laws of literature. For example, Cleanth Brooks’ The Well-Wrought Urn starts with a definition of the relation between paradox and poetry as absolute: â€Å"Few of us are prepared to accept the statement that the language of poetry is the language of paradox† (Brooks, 3). Perhaps a wiser stance towards this matter – especially when it comes to finding specificity in poetry – might be to argue for a poetics of differences and a more relativistic point of view from which to contemplate paradox in the particular context of its use. These absolute and generalizing stances towards literature were seriously challenged by many critics as reductive, eclectic and deterministic. As other critics from Reception or New Historicism schools have shown, a trans-historical or reader-blind approach to literature cannot do justice to the literary work, nor can it account for its meaning because there is a permanent dialogue between literature and reality, the text and its reader and the text’s significance can be redefined in these encounters. Works Cited: Brooks, Cleanth. The Well-Wrought Urn. Studies in the Structure of Poetry. Harcourt,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brace and World, Inc., New York, 1947. â€Å"New Criticism†. Wikipedia. 18.12.2006 . Schneider, Dan. â€Å"New Criticism: Same Old Game Redux†. On American Poetry  Ã‚   Criticism & Other Dastardly –Isms. 18.12.2006 http://www.cosmoetica.com/D20-DES14.htm.            

Personal Statement French Studies Essay

Dear Sir, Dear Madam, I am writing in application for a place in your graduate program, namely the Ph. D. in French Studies with a concentration in Language and Identity, to start in the fall of 2006. I am currently completing my Master 1 at the Sorbonne University (Paris Ill), having also acquired my B. A. (Licence) in that institution. My Bachelors and my current Masters at the Sorbonne primarily consist of the study of French literature and dramaturgical texts from the 16th up until the present day. I have had the opportunity to study in depth classic authors uch as Moliere, Racine or Corneille. I have been especially marked by the latter author in his tragedy â€Å"Le Cid†. My education has also included the works of Rousseau, Beaumarchais, Montesquieu, Hugo, Zola Chateaubriand, Apollinaire, Aragon and other 18th to 20th Century writers. Many of the ideas advanced by these 18th Century writers went on to play a tremendous role in shaping France and Europe via their influence on the revolutionaries of 1789. Hugo and Zola also influenced their generation by exposing societal injustice in their works, most notably n â€Å"Germinal†and â€Å"Les Miserables†. Throughout my high school and university education I have studied foreign languages such as French and English. I have always had a particular passion for France (where I have lived for several years) and French culture and language. I was admitted to the Perm State University in order to learn French. In order to broaden my knowledge I enthusiastically took up the opportunity to move to France, where I have spent most of the last five years of my life, working and studying at the same time. When I arrived in France, I worked as an au pair (alongside my studies), as well as for a tour operator. I have also taught French to both teenagers and adults while in Russia, and Russian and French whilst in France. These experiences have greatly aided me in developing my teaching and communication capabilities. I also have a long-standing interest for history, art and politics, both within Europe, the US, the former Soviet Union and the wider world. I have found these interests to be extremely helpful when studying literature, ocieties and cultures during my education, as they enable one to understand the underlying meaning of texts which are at times hidden, or to place such texts in their broader context. During my education I have closely studied the evolution of the treatment of women in both France and Russia. It seems natural for me to advance as a thesis proposal comparative research into the influence of French and American 20th Century literature on the condition of women in France and the US, and to determine the impact that this had on other groups of society. This topic would allow me to examine issues ranging from personal and group identities to politics and philosophy. I will also be able to bring into such research my own background, as I have also studied extensively Russian authors like Chekhov who also focus on these issues in plays like â€Å"Three Sisters† or â€Å"Uncle Vanya†. I take a great interest in research work, may it be for my courses at university or during my internship in New Orleans, and find it both challenging and extremely rewarding. I have always wanted o graduate from such a prominent institution as Tulane University, which has a well- deserved reputation for excellence. More specifically, study in New Orleans, with Ph. D. in French Studies from Tulane University would constitute both a highly beneficial experience for me and an additional step towards becoming an expert in French literary culture and thought, possibly working in the academic field or within the broader intellectual community. ‘ am motivated and extremely hard working, and would relish the opportunity to study at your institution. I am grateful for your consideration.

Sociology and the Holocaust Essay - 977 Words

Fascism is one type of political system based on the notion that some races are superior to others. Something that seems ridiculous in to enlightened modern day thinkers, which unfortunately makes it all the more difficult to try and understand for someone who has not experienced it. However by looking through history and taking into account some of the results of practised fascism, we can maybe begin to understand why so many people took up, and are still taking up fascism. Hopefully then we can understand exactly what we should learn from it, and possibly understand how we can prevent it appearing on the scale it did in the Second World War. Firstly I will look at some of the effects of fascism, starting with one of the most†¦show more content†¦But why racism? It is generally believed by sociologists that one cannot be a racist unless he is distinguishing between different biological traits between people, which somehow make one biological race superior to another. And Hi tler knew how bitter the Germans were about the loss of the First World War, so he needed a reason to give them as to why they lost. So he turned to racism and began distinguishing the Aryans from other races in Germany such as the Jews and homosexuals. By blaming the mixing of these inferior races into Aryan blood he gave the people a reason to believe they were better than someone else, and gave them a purpose, people to blame for Germanys devastated economy. What exactly have these acts of fascism taught us? Have they shown us how easily a country with a population the size Germanys can turn into murderer racists and fascists if left in the correct conditions? It would certainly be incorrect to assume that this is not why the Germans embraced fascism, but are there any implications of other influences that may have caused these events. Socially, we can try to argue that even deprivation on the scale felt by the German people is not enough to force a society to become something they are not, unless really they already are. Throughout history there have been so many wars between different races. Although issues of religion are often the main driving forces between warringShow MoreRelatedHolocaust Sociology Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesGevorg Petrosyan Professor Wonser Intro to Sociology 23 June 2012 Final Project, Assignment 2: Nazi Germany and Holocaust The Holocaust was the genocide of around six million European Jews during World War II. (Holocaust History) Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler had targeted every single Jew to be perished. Unfortunately Nazi Germany succeeded to murder two-thirds of the nine million Jews who were stationed in Europe. (Holocaust History) The Holocaust can be viewed at in many sociological perspectivesRead MoreNazi Death Camps in the Night by Elie Wiesel833 Words   |  4 Pagesto their own people. Wiesel had to fight internally with himself to keep himself going in the toughest times. Elie wanted to give up hope, but he knew he couldnt. Night can relate back to sociology in many different ways. The book is mainly about the Holocaust. The Holocaust can be related back to sociology such as Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism is the theory of evolution that is explored by Charles Darwin. Darwinism uses terms like â€Å"survival of the fittest.† That term is applied to societyRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Holocaust1391 Words   |  6 Pagesone of which is historical precedent. A previous historical account of reparations occurred in 1952 when West Germany began its journey of redemption for the horrors of the Holocaust. Cotes gives useful background information needed to understand the events that led up to the Israelites receiving reparations for the Holocaust. The road to reparations was a violent one indeed, but the end result was the Jewish people receiving reparations from West Germany. According to Joe Feagin, in his paper â€Å"DocumentingRead MoreTo What Extent Can Reparations Affect The Quality Of Life F or African Americans? Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesalso goes on to speak about four cases that have been given reparations by state governments, most notably in Rosewood, Florida, but also in California, Oklahoma, and Chicago. Joe Feagin Ph.D., another Harvard Professor, works in the Department of sociology and researches Racial and Ethnic Studies amongst other areas. In his papers, he mentions the most notable instance for reparations in Rosewood, Florida. In Rosewood during the year 1920, there was a vicious attack on an African American communityRead MoreEssay about Ethnocentrism And Cultural Relativity551 Words   |  3 Pagesimportant concepts known as ethnocentrism and cultural relativity. Ethnocentrism is â€Å"the attitude of prejudice or mistrust towards outsiders that may exist within a group (in-group) in relation to other (out-group)†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (Harper-Collin Dictionary of Sociology). Importantly, there are also three levels of ethnocentrism: a positive one, a negative one, and an extreme negative one. The positive definition defines ethnocentrism as â€Å"the point of view that one’s own way of life is to be preferred to all others†Read MoreGlobal Genocides And The Holocaust1324 Words   |  6 PagesGenocides Understood by Sociology It is made known that before 1944, the term â€Å"genocide† did not exist. A Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin wanted to describe the acts of the Nazi policies, in regards to the mass murders of the European Jews. Using the Greek word â€Å"geno-â€Å", meaning race or tribe, as well as the Latin word â€Å"-cide† for killing, he formed the word â€Å"genocide† (History.com Staff). According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the term holocaust means, â€Å"Any of the followingRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriages1028 Words   |  5 PagesThaomy Tran Professor Kathleen Gish Sociology 1101-113 September 2, 2015 The Issue Of Gay Marriages Through The Eyes Of Sociologists Gay marriages have been an ongoing event in the United States for many years. It was not until June 26, 2015 when gay marriage was legalized for all states with a five to four ratio. With gay marriage being legalized, there became many controversies in the nation. The most recent controversy was when a Kentucky county clerk was jailed after defying a federal courtRead MoreHistorical Reference Of Social Psychology1169 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology is an integrative field that builds the gap between psychology and sociology. Sociology, on the other hand, is the scientific study of human behavior. In addition, social psychology is a comparatively new field that originated in the early 20th century. In 1954 Gordon Allport nominated Auguste Comte, the French philosopher as the founder of social psychology, he saw it as a science separate from both psychology and sociology; he called it la morale positive (Allport, 1968). In this historicalRead MoreDiscrimination : Nature Or Nurture139 9 Words   |  6 Pageslooked at Shmuel, the mass genocides would have never occurred and they would have realized that everyone is equal and deserved to live just as much as they did. Although this book primarily resolves around the discrimination of Jews during the Holocaust, much similar discrimination occurs today. This results in the majority of people growing up to witness some form of racism or discrimination within the duration of their lifetime. Reading this moving story helps others to understand that everyoneRead MoreHistory Of The Holocaust Midterm Essays1580 Words   |  7 PagesTrudy Morse 10/15/2017 JST3701 Professor Julia Phillips-Berger History of the Holocaust Midterm Essays 1) Antisemitism, the hatred for the Jewish people, has been called the longest hatred in history. This history is deep rooted and has existed for thousands of years, taking different forms throughout its existence, and intensifying up until and through the Holocaust, to then diminish to an extent but still be prevalent in most societies. Antisemitism exists in different forms, religious, ethnic